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"The Help" and the Struggle for African-American Equality

In the movie "The Help," African-American maids told their stories to a writer of a book because they wanted to let the world know how they were being treated.

"The Help is a 2011 American drama film adaptation of the novel of the same name (2009) by Kathryn Stockett, adapted for the screen and directed by Tate Taylor. " (http://goo.gl/7otE8)

In one incident, ...... (see your page 110)

In another incident... (see your page 110).

In a third incident.... (see your page 110)

The significance of "The Help," in the struggle for African-American equality... (what is your opinion on the book? Did it help to establish more African-American equality?)

The Big Meteor / Asteroid Strike - Feb. 2013

The large cosmic strike over Russia last February caught everybody by surprise. There was no warning, and luckily, the impact and angle of entry was friendly to us Earthlings.
What's the difference between a meteor and an asteroid?

According to NBC News,

"Astronomers use different terms to describe cosmic objects of different sizes: When the rock is no wider than a meter (3.3 feet), it's known as a meteoroid. But once you start getting into the 1- to 10-meter range, the term "asteroid" applies. Earlier estimates suggested the Chelyabinsk object was a meteoroid, but the latest assessment would put it in the class of a small asteroid." (http://goo.gl/3vSnL)

Watch Meteor Strike on PBS. See more from NOVA.

Surface Water & Global Temperatures (Page 90)

Why would San Francisco--compared with Norfolk, Virginia--have warmer winters and cooler summer even though both of the cities are located at the same latitude?

http://goo.gl/mjsqu

The temperatures of water and land, and their abilities to hold and release energy from the sun, are very different.
Water can absorb a lot of heat energy from the sun with little change in temperature, whereas land is just the opposite (absorbs heat energy relatively quickly, and releases heat energy relatively quickly).
Wind tends to travel from West to East at the latitudes of SF and Norfolk. The wind that flows through SF tends to be warmer in the winter and cooler in the summer, thus allowing the two cities to have different types of climates during winter and summer.
This is phenomenon is known as thermal inertia.

Temperatures on earth are moderated in different ways. Sea ice for example is a temperature moderator. Ice is more effective at moderating temperatures than certain rocks like granite. Ocean currents are waters that carry and hold much heat energy from the sun.

Waters from the equator flows towards the poles, which allows the oceans near the poles to remain ice free.

More powerful than ocean currents are heat transfers that occur via water vapor in the atmosphere. This movement of water vapor in the atmosphere travels to different places across the earth and moves heat around to help moderate the temperatures on the planet.

Without moderate temperatures, the earth would be too cold or too hot for life to exist as we know it.

Thermal Characteristics of Water

http://goo.gl/hjpSy

Thermal Characteristics of Water
Heat and temperature

The Chemistry of Water

http://goo.gl/ktSTT

Water is interesting and intriguing. Without water there is no life as we know it. We humans take water for granted.

(1. Describe how water molecules are bonded) Water's molecular structure is bonded together via covalent chemical bond, in which "each hydrogen nucleus is bound to the central oxygen atom by a pair of electrons that are shared between them." (http://goo.gl/ktSTT)

(2. Describe how the positive and negative charges of water are distributed.) Water is considered electrically neutral. The charges--positive and negative--of water are not uniformly distributed.

http://goo.gl/ktSTT

The negative charge of water is located towards the oxygen side of the molecule, while the positive charge is located towards the hydrogen side.

(3. Describe the chemistry of water that allows an insect to walk on water.) The surface of water acts like a layer of elasticity when a small weight is placed upon it. This phenomenon is called the surface tension of water.

(4. What is unique about water and its density?) Typically most substances when they changes phases from liquid to a solid, the substance increases its mass. Not water. When water turns into a solid (ice), its mass decreases, and that's why ice floats on top of water.

The Great Depression - Hardships & Suffering (Pg. 104)

The Great Depression (TGD) was an incredibly difficult economic time for many Americans. The citizens had a lot of problems to deal with, one in particular was the Dust Bowl.

http://goo.gl/a4EoQ

(1.) The Dust Bowl took place in the middle of the United States, and it occurred when farmers over-planted crops that eventually failed because of a drought that lasted for seven years. Because of the drought, the land and dirt was exposed to the wind, which blew the dirt into the air, causing an environmental disaster, causing a lot of people to get sick and/or die because of the dirty air. Instead of planting just a portion of the land, the greedy farmers chose to plant cash crops and remove the prairie grasses, which had the ability to survive droughts, and hold the dirt down.

(2.) (a.) TGD affected children because they were malnourished--not enough to eat--and contracted diseases related to diet. They also couldn't go to school because the state did not have enough to keep schools open.
(b.) Families were affected by TGD because daily living was a struggle with little or no money to buy the most basic of needs.
(c.) Women had to get job, and they faced sexism because many people at the time felt that with husbands unemployed, moms should not be out of the house at work.
(d.) Men were affected by TGD because they couldn't support their families. There were very little jobs, and if a dad couldn't support his family, he would feel useless. Many left home to become hoboes.
(e.) People of color (Mexicans and African-Americans) experienced racism from whites.

http://goo.gl/BGC24

(3.) Hoboes were men who wandered around the country, jobless. They got around on train boxcars.

(4.) An enduring effect of TGD was that people saved, saved, saved. They didn't every want to be poor again.